Improve INSERT Query Performance and Fix Constraint Issues in ClickHouse

Improve performance for INSERT queries via INSERT SELECT or INSERT with clickhouse-client when small blocks are generated (typical case with parallel parsing). This fixes #11275. Fix the issue that CONSTRAINTs were not working for DEFAULT fields. This fixes #11273. Fix the issue that CONSTRAINTS were ignored for TEMPORARY tables. This fixes #11274. #11276 (alexey-milovidov).